Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 8 Articles
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 8.7% of elderly\npeople worldwide (>55 years old). AMD is characterized by a multifactorial aetiology that involves several genetic and\nenvironmental risk factors (genes, ageing, smoking, family history, dietary habits, oxidative stress, and hypertension). In particular,\nageing and cigarette smoking (including oxidative compounds and reactive oxygen species) have been shown to significantly\nincrease susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, different genes (CFH, CFI, C2, C3, IL-6, IL-8, and ARMS2) that play a crucial\nrole in the inflammatory pathway have been associated with AMD risk. Several genetic and molecular studies have indicated the\nparticipation of inflammatory molecules (cytokines and chemokines), immune cells (macrophages), and complement proteins in\nthe development and progression of the disease. Taking into consideration the genetic and molecular background, this review\nhighlights the genetic role of inflammatory genes involved in AMD pathogenesis and progression....
Purpose. This work aims to study the problems encountered with and the different epidemiological features of patients with fungal\nkeratitis. Patients and Methods. All cases with keratitis attending the Outpatient Clinic of Ophthalmology Department at Tanta\nUniversity Hospital during three years from the first of January 2011 to the end of December 2013 were selected and carefully\nexamined and cases with mycotic keratitis were further examined and investigated. Results. From 66303 attendants during this\nperiod with different complaints, there were 361 cases (0.54%) with mycotic keratitis and 473 cases (0.71%) of nonmycotic origin.\nMycotic keratitis is common between 40 and 60 years, more in farmers (64%), families with large number and large crowding index,\nrural than urban residence, and patients with outdoor water sources and insanitary sewage disposal. Positive fungal cultures were\nobtained in 84.5% and were negative in 15.5% of cases in spite of their typical clinical findings for diagnosis and their improvement\nwith antifungal therapy. Conclusion. Mycotic keratitis is more frequent in farmers, rural areas, outdoor water supply, insanitary\nsewage disposal, and patients preceded with organic trauma. Atypical clinical findings were found in some cases and not all cases\nimproved with specific antifungal therapy....
Purpose. We report the effect of isotretinoin on corneal topography, corneal thickness, and biomechanical parameters in patients\nwith acne vulgaris. Method. Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients who received oral isotretinoin for treatment of acne vulgaris were\nevaluated. All patients underwent a corneal topographical evaluation with a Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido-disk\n(Sirius), ultrasonic pachymetry measurements, and corneal biomechanical evaluation with an ocular response analyzer at baseline,\nin the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of treatment, and 6months after isotretinoin discontinuation. Results.The thinnest corneal thickness\nmeasured with Sirius differed significantly in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months compared with the baseline measurement; there was\nno significant change in ultrasonic central corneal thickness measurements and biomechanical parameters (corneal hysteresis\nand corneal resistance factor) throughout the study. Average simulated keratometry and surface asymmetry index increased\nsignificantly only in the first month of treatment according to the baseline. All changes disappeared 6 months after the end of\ntreatment. Conclusion. Basal tear secretion and corneal morphologic properties were significantly influenced during the systemic\nisotretinoin treatment and the changes were reversible after discontinuation. No statistical important biomechanical differences\nwere found to be induced by isotretinoin....
Objective. To report interocular differences in choroidal thickness in children using spectral domain optical coherence tomography\n(SD-OCT) and correlate findings with biometric data. Methods. This observational cross-sectional study included 91 (182 eyes)\nhealthy children aged 6 to 17 years with no ocular abnormality except refractive error. After a comprehensive eye exam and\naxial length measurement, high definitionmacular scans were performed using SD-OCT. Two observersmanuallymeasured the\nchoroidal thickness at the foveal center and at 1500 ????m nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly. Interocular differences were\ncomputed; correlations with age, gender, refractive error, and axial length were performed. Results.Mean age was 10.40 �± 3.17 years;\nmean axial length and refractive error values were similar between fellow eyes. There was excellent correlation between the two\nobserversâ��measurements. No significant interocular differences were observed at any location. There was only a trend for right eyes\nto have higher values in all thicknesses, except the superior thickness. Most of the choroidal thickness measurements correlated\npositively with spherical equivalent but not with axial length, age, or gender. Conclusion. Choroidal thickness measurements in\nchildren as performed using SD-OCT revealed a high level of interobserver agreement and consistent interocular symmetry. Values\ncorrelated positively with spherical equivalent refraction....
Purpose. To examine the macular findings obtained with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) in infants with\nretinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Materials and Methods. The macular SD OCT images of 190 premature infants were analyzed.\nData regarding central foveal thickness (CFT), cystoid macular edema (CME), and cyst grading were compared. The relationships\nof CFT with gestational age and birth weight were investigated. Results. The results were obtained from 358 eyes of 179 infants (81\nfemales and 98 males) of a mean gestational age of 30.9 �± 2.7 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1609 �± 477 g. ROP was diagnosed\nin 126 eyes and CME in 139 eyes. A significantly greater percentage of eyes with ROP were found to have CME (54%) compared to\neyes without ROP (31%; ???? = 0.001). The incidence of CME was 46.3% for stage 1 ROP, 57.1% for stage 2, and 87.5% for stage 3. There\nwas a weakly inverse correlation between CFT, gestational age, and birth weight (???? = 0.025, ???? = ?0.227; ???? = 0.002, ???? = ?0.182,\nresp., Spearman correlation test). Conclusions.High-quality SDOCT images can be obtained frompremature infants using the iVue\nsystem. Severity and frequency of CME in premature infants increase as stage of ROP increases....
Purpose. To investigate genetic and clinical features of patients with rhodopsin (RHO) mutations in two Japanese families with\nautosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Methods.Whole-exome sequence analysis was performed in ten adRP families.\nIdentified RHO mutations for the cosegregation analysis were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Ophthalmic examinations were\nperformed to evaluate the RP phenotypes. The impact of the RHO mutation on the rhodopsin conformation was examined by\nmolecularmodeling analysis. Results. In two adRP families,we identified two RHOmutations (c.377G>T (p.W126L) and c.1036G>C\n(p.A346P)), one of which was novel. Complete cosegregation was confirmed for each mutation exhibiting the RP phenotype in\nboth families. Molecular modeling predicted that the novel mutation (p.W126L) might impair rhodopsin function by affecting its\nconformational transition in the light-adapted form. Clinical phenotypes showed that patients with p.W126L exhibited sector RP,\nwhereas patients with p.A346P exhibited classic RP. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrated that the novel mutation (p.W126L)\nmay be associated with the phenotype of sector RP. Identification of RHO mutations is a very useful tool for predicting disease\nseverity and providing precise genetic counseling....
Purpose. To report visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after unilateral or bilateral refractive lens exchange (RLE) with a singlepiece\nbifocal diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL). Methods. All patients underwent RLE with the ZMB00MIOL (Abbott\nMedicalOptics). Patient chartswere reviewed to evaluate the distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity,\nextent of visual symptoms (0ââ?¬â??5), satisfaction (1ââ?¬â??5), and rate of spectacle independence between unilateral and bilateral RLE group.\nResults. Forty-seven eyes of 28 patients were included. No intraoperative complications developed. Mean monocular uncorrected\nVAat distance, intermediate (67 cm), and near (30 cm)were 0.01Ã?±0.12 (standard deviation), 0.27Ã?±0.18, and0.15Ã?±0.11, respectively.\nNo eyes lost >1 line of corrected distanceVA.Monocular contrast sensitivity remained at normal level.Median scores of halos, night\nglare, and starbursts for 27 patientswere 2.0, 3.0, and 0.0, respectively.Median score of satisfaction was 4.0. Therewere no differences\nin visual symptom scores or satisfaction between unilateral and bilateral group (???? > 0.05). Eighty percent of 25 patients reported\ntotal spectacle freedom, with similar rate between bilateral (82%) and unilateral group (75%) (???? = 1.000). Conclusions. RLE with\nthe bifocal diffractive MIOL was safe in presbyopic patients and resulted in a high rate of spectacle independence....
Purpose. To identify and study causes of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in pediatric age group and to investigate factors predicting\nvisual and anatomical outcomes. Procedure. A retrospective review of patients aged 16 years or less with the diagnosis of vitreous\nhemorrhage from January 2005 until December 2010. Results. A total number of 230 patients (240 eyes) were identified. Traumatic\nvitreous hemorrhage accounted for 82.5%. In cases of accidental trauma, final visual acuity of 20/200 was significantly associated\nwith visual acuity of ?20/200 at presentation and the absence of retinal detachment at last follow-up. Patients with nontraumatic\nvitreous hemorrhage were significantly younger with higher rates of enucleation/evisceration/exenteration and retinal detachment\nat last follow-up compared to traumatic cases. Conclusion. Trauma is the most common cause of VH in pediatric age group. In\nthis group, initial visual acuity was the most important predictor for visual outcome, and the presence of retinal detachment is a\nnegative predictor for final good visual outcome. The outcome is significantly worse in nontraumatic cases compared to traumatic\ncases....
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